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Intrinsic value & DCF

Net-Net Working Capital NCAV

Benjamin Graham's deep-value floor: current assets minus all liabilities, ignoring fixed assets, as a conservative estimate of liquidation value.

Part of the Intrinsic Value & DCF course · Lesson 19 of 20
Formula
NCAV = Current Assets − Total Liabilities
Current assetswhat it ownsTotal liabilitieswhat it owes=NCAVGraham's net-net
Net current asset value is current assets minus all liabilities — Graham's deep-value floor.

What it is

Net Current Asset Value (NCAV) is current assets minus total liabilities, counting fixed assets like plant and goodwill as zero. It is Benjamin Graham's estimate of a company's liquidation value: roughly what shareholders might recover if the firm wound down and sold only its liquid assets. The stricter Net-Net Working Capital (NNWC) version goes further, haircutting receivables to about 75% and inventory to about 50% before subtracting all liabilities. A stock trading below this figure is nicknamed a "net-net."

Why it matters

Graham bought net-nets only when the price fell to two-thirds (or less) of NCAV, treating that discount as a built-in margin of safety since you were paying less than liquid value for the whole business. The pitfall: genuine net-nets are very rare in modern markets and are usually there for a reason. Most are cash-burning microcaps whose assets are eroding faster than the discount implies, so a "cheap" net-net can be a classic value trap rather than a bargain.

How it's calculated

Take total current assets straight from the balance sheet and subtract total liabilities (the strict version also subtracts preferred stock); fixed and intangible assets are excluded entirely. For NNWC, first discount the riskier current assets, counting cash at full value, receivables at roughly 75%, and inventory at roughly 50%, then subtract all liabilities. Divide the result by shares outstanding to compare against the stock price.

How Quintarthai uses it

On a company's deep-analysis page you can read off current assets and total liabilities from the balance sheet to estimate NCAV per share and gauge how far the price sits above it. Pair it with related liquidation-style metrics in the Knowledge Base when screening for deep-value names.

Cross-border note. The concept travels intact across Canada and the US, but watch the accounting frame: US filers report under US GAAP and Canadian issuers under IFRS, which can classify and value current assets (especially inventory) differently, so compare like with like. Surviving net-nets cluster in micro-cap territory, often on the TSX Venture in Canada or OTC/small-cap listings in the US, where thin liquidity and stale balance sheets make the screen especially trap-prone.

FAQ

Is a stock trading below its NCAV automatically a buy?
No. Graham wanted a price at or below two-thirds of NCAV for a margin of safety, and even then he diversified across many names. A single net-net is often a deteriorating business whose liquid assets are shrinking, so the discount can vanish before you profit.
What is the difference between NCAV and the stricter NNWC?
NCAV subtracts total liabilities from full current assets. NNWC is more conservative: it counts cash at full value but haircuts receivables to about 75% and inventory to about 50% before subtracting liabilities, reflecting that those assets rarely fetch book value in a forced sale.
Check your understanding
A microcap has current assets of $80M, fixed assets of $40M, and total liabilities of $50M. Using Graham's strict two-thirds rule, at what total market value would it first qualify as a net-net buy?
Related terms
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