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Course · 20 lessons
Financial Health & Risk
Spot leverage, liquidity stress, and accounting red flags before they bite.
Debt-to-Equity Ratio
How much debt a company uses for every dollar of shareholder equity.
Net Debt
A company's total debt minus the cash it holds, showing what it would owe after paying down debt with cash on hand.
Net Debt / EBITDA
How many years of core earnings it would take to pay off net debt, a key gauge of leverage burden.
Interest Coverage Ratio
How many times a company's operating earnings can cover its interest payments.
Current Ratio
Whether a company has enough short-term assets to cover its short-term bills.
Quick Ratio
A strict liquidity test of whether a company can pay short-term bills using only its most liquid assets, excluding inventory.
Altman Z-Score
A weighted score that estimates a company's risk of bankruptcy within about two years.
Piotroski F-Score
A 0-to-9 scorecard of a company's fundamental strength based on nine pass/fail financial tests.
Beneish M-Score
A statistical model that flags the likelihood a company has manipulated its reported earnings.
Accounting Red Flags
Warning signs in financial statements that earnings may be overstated, low-quality, or hiding trouble.
Delisting Risk
The chance that a stock gets removed from its exchange, often after breaching listing rules like a minimum price or market cap.
Sharpe Ratio
A measure of how much return an investment earns for each unit of risk (volatility) it takes on.
Sortino Ratio
A risk-adjusted return measure like the Sharpe ratio, but it penalizes only downside volatility instead of total volatility.
Treynor Ratio
Measures excess return earned over the risk-free rate per unit of systematic market risk, using beta as the denominator.
Information Ratio
Active return (return above a benchmark) divided by tracking error, measuring a manager's skill at outperforming per unit of active risk.
Calmar Ratio
A risk-adjusted return measure: annualized return divided by the absolute value of the worst peak-to-trough loss, usually over 36 months.
Maximum Drawdown
The largest peak-to-trough percentage drop an asset or portfolio suffered over a period, before a new high was reached.
Tracking Error
Tracking error is the standard deviation of a fund's return minus its benchmark's return; it measures how tightly the fund follows its index.
Value at Risk
A statistical estimate of the worst loss expected over a set period at a chosen confidence level, under normal conditions.
QuinnScore
Quintarthai's risk-first composite score that summarizes a company's overall risk and quality in one number.